Types of Courage to Kill a Mockingbird Free Essays

To Kill a Mockingbird types of courage In Harper Lee’s â€Å"To Kill a Mockingbird† Lee has three characters Atticus, Jem, and Scout Finch. These characters all have shown these types of courage physical, mental, and personal. The character Atticus shows mental and personal courage when he defends black man Tom Robinson who was being accused of something he didn’t do and this displays mental and personal courage because he knew his name would get slandered accross maycomb county, yet he still defended Tom. We will write a custom essay sample on Types of Courage to Kill a Mockingbird or any similar topic only for you Order Now Atticus showed phisical courage when he cam face to face with the rabbid dog. This displays phisical courage because wasn’t afraid of his phisical body being hurt by the crazy dog. Jem Finch showed personal and phisical courage when he went back to get his pants from the Radley place. This displayed personal and phisical courage because even though Mr. Radley said he would shoot the next peron that steps foot on his yard he still went back to get it. This portion demonstrates his phisical courage. The personal courage in this is the reason he went back to get the pants, because he went back because he didnt want to disapoint his father and its a point in the book where we notice he is becoming more mature also. Jem showed mental courage when he goes back and fixes Ms. Dubose’s flowers because he was very angry with her for talking that way about his father yet he did the right thing and fixed her flowers. Scout Finch showed phisical courage when she faught Jem. This displays phiscal courage because she knew Jem was bigger older and stronger yet she still faught him and wasnt afraid of getting hurt. Scout showed personal courage when she walked away from a fight with Cicil Jacobs. This didplays personal courage because she was young and thought fight was the only way to solve a problem but she listened to her father by not fighting him. Lastly Scout showed mental courage when she was rolled into the Radley yard (by accedent) by Jem in the tire. This shows mental courage because she wasnt afraid in the Radley yard she was more conserned about herself at that point but she was in the Radley yard un afraid. How to cite Types of Courage to Kill a Mockingbird, Essay examples

Intention and Contract Construction

Question: Discuss about the Intention and Contract Construction. Answer: Introduction: According to the business efficacy test a contract between two parties will include terms and conditions, which are not expressly mentioned in it. These terms and conditions are known as implied terms. These terms will deemed to be included in the contract if the court feels that such terms are essential and obvious and without them the contract will not have a complete meaning. These terms are not included merely if they are wanted and practical (Carter and Courtney 2016). The MOOROCK is a very famous English case, which had put the business efficacy test to use. In this case, the plaintiff had on a basis of a contract, rented a jetty from the defendant to dock and unload his ship. The ship was damaged when the sea level went down due to a low tide. The plaintiff claimed that it was the responsibility of the defendant to ensure the safety of the ship while it was docked at his jetty. The argument made by the defendant stated that there were no such expressed terms in the contract and he could not foresee the circumstances. The court applied the business efficacy test to this case and gave a judgment that it was the duty of the defendant to arrange for the protection of the ship parked at his jetty. In Marks and Spencer plc v BNP Paribas Securities Services Trust Company (Jersey) Limited and another, the question before the court was that whether to include an implied term in a contract between the tenant and the land lore. In this case, the court decided against the introduction of an implied term in the contract and provided that the terms sought by the tenant cannot be included as, the contact was fair initially. Legal principles According to section 2 of the Contracts( rights of Third Parties) Act 2001 a person who is not a party to a particular contract can sue any party who are a part of the contract if: If it is provided in the contract expressly that he has the right to sue any party to the contract In addition, if both these conditions are fulfilled: A person who is not expressly a part of a contract has some benefits related in that contact but is not eligible to sue or enforce his rights with respect to such contact (McKendrick 2014) After proper interpretation of the contract, it is found that the actual parties to a contract did not want the provisions to be enforceable by him (Case and Emery 2015). According to the business efficacy test of common law in terms of contact If a the court comes to a conclusion that a term which is not expressly present in a contract but is apparent to all the parties of a contact and without the inclusion of the term the contract would be incomplete, the court may order for the inclusion of that term as an implied term (Manesh 2013). This term of business efficacy has been used in famous cases like the Moorock case and Foo Jong Peng and others v. Phua Kiah Mai and another. According to section 5 of the Unfair Terms in Consumer Contracts Regulations a term is set to be unfair if The term had not been bargained personally and not made in good faith. If a condition is drafted in advance, that it is said to be not personally bargained. According to section 8(1) of the unfair terms in consumer contracts regulations an unfair term in a contract will not be enforceable by the parties to a contract. According to section 8 (2) of unfair terms in consumer contracts regulations All others terms in the particular contract shall be binding on the parties. According to schedule (2)(1)(a) a organization an exclusion or limitation on the legal right of person to claim compensation in case of death or personal injury cannot be made in a contract. These terms are regarded as unfair terms. According to section 26 (2) of the Workplace, Safety and Health (operations of cranes) regulations it is the duty of the contractor to make sure that the installation and dismantling of a crane is done under his supervision. Application: According to the principles of common law if the business efficacy test is applied in this case, it would be every clear to say that it is the implied duty of Cranes Co (CC) to: Ensure that the labor provided by them is properly trained and skilled to be able to safely dismantle the crane provided by them for the purpose of construction Ensure that while the process of dismantling the crane is operated it does not cause personal injury to any person at the site or to the site itself. CC has violated such provisions as its agent Tower Cranes Pte Ltd (TC) have supplied labor who were not well trained or efficient to go through with the process of dismantling. CC has also violated such provision as during the process of dismantling the crane 3 works at the site had to face personal injuries. According to the provision for the privity of a contract, a person who is not, a party to the contract has no right in the contract unless he has some benefit in the contract and the parties to the contract did not include such clause in it. Although Straits Builders Pte Ltd (SB) is not a direct party to the contract between TC and CC, the particular contact will affects the position of SB it the TC does not fulfill their obligation in accordance to the contract. SB is entitled to claim damages against the action of TC from CC according to section 2 of the Contracts (rights of Third Parties) Act 2001. CC and TC share a principal agent relationship so CC is liable to be sued for any act or omission made by TC. The terms in the clause 6 of the contract between CC and SB provides that CC will not be liable for any personal loss or injury or any kind of damage suffered by an individual due to the tower cranes or due to the process of their dismantling. SB will also not be held liable for any loss arising due to the defects in the crane. Schedule 2 of unfair terms in consumer contracts regulations says that parties to a contact cannot prohibit another to exercise its legal right over, death or personal injury caused to the second party or any of its representatives due to the errors on the parts of the first party. This term included in clause 6 is an unfair term according to section 8(1) of unfair terms in consumer contracts regulations. In addition, according to 8(2) this term is not binding on the contact between them. Another term is schedule 6 of the agreement, which provides that the CC will not be liable if SB suffers any loss due to the stoppage of work by them in compliance to a judicial authority. The term is only valid as far as where the work is stopped in compliance of a judicial authority and not otherwise (Booysen et al. 2016). Conclusion: In the contact between SB and CC, the clause 6 has an unfair term, which is not binding on SB; it is implied and obvious that CC is liable to perform its duty with full care with respect to the contract. CC is liable to pay SB damages in form of compensation. References: Booysen, S., Lai, H.H., Ong, B., Heng, L.L., Chun, J., Hon, T.S., Loke, A., Morgan, G., Tan, B. and Chan, S., 2016. TWENTY YEARS (AND MORE) OF CONTROLLING UNFAIR CONTRACT TERMS IN SINGAPORE.Singapore Journal of Legal Studies,219, p.248. Carter, J.W. and Courtney, W., 2016. Unexpressed Intention and Contract Construction.Oxford Journal of Legal Studies, p.gqw022. Case, T. and Emery, S., 2015. All in agreement? Don't lose your heads.Proctor, The,35(8), p.38. Manesh, M., 2013. Express Contract Terms and the Implied Contractual Covenant of Delaware Law.Delaware Journal of Corporate Law (DJCL),38, p.1. Marks and Spencer plc v BNP Paribas Securities Services Trust Company (Jersey) Ltd[2015]UKSC 72 McKendrick, E. (2014).Contract law: text, cases, and materials. Oxford University Press (UK). The Contracts (rights of Third Parties) Act 2001 The Moorcock (1889) 14 PD 64 Unfair Terms in Consumer Contracts Regulations 1999 Workplace, Safety and Health (operations of cranes) Regulations 2011

My Personal Theory free essay sample

My Personal Theory of Counseling Kristen Bellows University of Texas at San Antonio My Personal Theory of Counseling Perhaps nothing is as significant to the success of the therapeutic process and nothing represents the foundation of successful therapy more than ones personal theory of counseling. All individuals in all aspects of life work from some belief system, perspective, or model of how the world works, how things are, and how things interact. Developing a deep understanding of ones own personal theory leads to better decision-making with respect to the therapeutic process, including therapist approach and client interaction. Such an understanding also promotes a greater ability to intervene more effectively with clients whose values are in contrast to ones own. Being aware of ones own personal theory of the world and, subsequently, ones view of counseling, also helps the therapist identify individual strengths and areas for improvement. We will write a custom essay sample on My Personal Theory or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page The personal orientation of the therapist is a sum total of many influences such as interests, self-awareness, experience, values, and compassion for others, among many other things. Such influences have a direct impact on ones personal theory of counseling. For instance, my Christian upbringing, experiences, and beliefs have a significant impact on my personal view of the world and others and, therefore, also on my theory of counseling. My religious beliefs and values coincide with some therapeutic approaches and not others. In this paper I delve into my recent introspective and reflective explorations as well as the experiences and lessons I have learned throughout my life which has led me to embrace and adopt the particular theory of  counseling I believe suits me the most at this time. Of all the theories I have learned for the duration of this class, none has resonated with me as much as Existentialism. While I have a tremendous reverence for psychoanalysis and its focus on examining the causal factors behind one’s thoughts, feelings and behaviors i. e. one’s past/childhood, the unconscious, as well as its contribution of key concepts to counseling such as transference and countertransference, I am a bit unsettled by the deterministic and rigid view this approach takes of human nature. I connect much more deeply to the philosophies of  existentialism: the emphasis it places on an authentic and genuine encounter with clients, its recognition and respect for the client’s subjective world, trust in the capacity of the client to make positive decisions and the concepts it focuses on in counseling such as meaning, purpose, freedom, responsibility, choice, isolation, death concepts that relate to our mere existing in the world and the larger scheme of life. I tend to shy away from the theories such as cognitive-behavioral therapy, feminist therapy, and gestalt therapy, which are very technique-oriented, exercise-driven, directive in approach, and simply require too much action on the therapist’s behalf. I feel these theories do not allow much of the client’s pursuits and search for meaning in life to come through or at least, it is not the major focus of therapy. I do recognize that for some clients these other therapies may be useful, which is why I do not discredit nor dislike them; I just feel that they do not mesh with who I am personally and are not as inherent to my way of  being as much as the precepts of existentialism are. Personally, I hope to find out my purpose in life and contribute something meaningful to the world. Over the few months of self-reflection, I realize that I simply get great joy through serving others and helping them in any way I can. I am more concerned with creating a meaningful identity and relationships with others as I recognize the limits to my existence. I know that one day, I, as well as everyone else will die, and I therefore have a longing to make the most of my time on earth and the time spent with others filled with less conflict and more harmony and love. To me, love is the ultimate gift in this world, and I think it is one of the most powerful gifts that I possess and would like to share with everyone. I always believe there is something good to love in everyone and don’t believe in categorizing people as good or bad, healthy or unhealthy. I don’t believe that one’s existence is fixed or that people are tied to their  past. I think we are always re-creating ourselves and making sense of each moment of the life we live. Perhaps I relate so well to the concepts of existentialism also because it explores basic dimensions of the human condition, particularly death, which closely ties in with religion. Religion, namely that of the Baptist religion, has played a large role in my life. It has helped me make sense of life and been a moral compass in most regards. The parallel I see drawn between the Baptist religion and existentialism in terms of death occurs when I think about the Lenten season and something the priest says on Ash Wednesday: Remember man that thou art dust and unto dust thou shalt return. † This act reminds me of our mortality, similarly to how the existentialist perspective tries to allow us to grasp the inevitability of death. Death to me is not something I try to avoid thinking about. It is something that I am very aware of and has had a marked impact on my life. I am constantly seeking a life full of zest, meaning, and one that is filled with love and service to others. In this search, I have experienced the existential anxiety that comes from some of the inevitable conditions of simply being alive. That is, loneliness, finiteness and freedom of choice all bring up a certain amount of anxiety in me, yet I use this anxiety as reason to make changes in my life. After I graduated with my degree in psychology in 2003, I worked for a while in a school setting. Working in the school especially caused a lot of  anxiety in me because I constantly felt that I was not living up to my potential. I just felt as though the job I was doing was a means to no end. My view on work is that it should not be just a job, but rather a career, a lifestyle, something that you are proud to call your profession. It has helped me make sense of what I am called to do and given my life a purpose. I am happy with the path I am on right now. As an existentialist, therapy would also be structured around increasing a client’s self-awareness. This is important because we need to be aware of our capacities in order to exercise freedom and live as fully as possible. I would try to especially help clients take responsibility for  their lives instead of passively letting circumstances and external forces direct their future. I would try to point out how it would be an inauthentic way of living if one subsumes the role of a victim instead of exercising the freedom that they possess. I strongly believe that we can create and shape our lives and rise to the challenges that it may present us with. In saying all this, I would not take a directive stance in expressing these opinions, as in doing so, I would be making decisions and choices for the client that they might not choose to accept. I would rather challenge them to explore how they have been living in the past that has prompted them to seek therapy today and help them discover new ways of living that will lead to a change in their situation. A large part of therapy as well would include helping clients trust in themselves to find the answers, rather than look to others to direct them. Ultimately, we are alone. As cynical as it may sound, we did come into the world alone and we will die alone. We of course depend on our  human relationships with others and connecting with others is very important, however, we must be able to function as our own person firstly and form our own identity in order to relate healthily to others. One cannot rely all the time on others for the answers and depend upon them for their happiness. In therapy, when clients try to do the same of me as a therapist, in order to break this pattern, I would explain to them that there is no easy answer and that they alone have the capability to find the right answer. In therapy, I would also try to provide the space for clients to find meaning in their life by asking questions that help them explore whether or not they are content with their current life, and who they are becoming, as well as helping them establish values that they will need to adopt in order to live a life that is meaningful to them. I would also be sure to talk frankly about the reality of death. Ignoring the topic of death makes its presence even stronger than if one were to confront it. In doing this, that is, addressing a fear that seems overwhelming to explore, a client is also opened up to experiencing life in a more authentic way. Along with the goals of exploring anxiety, self-awareness, death, freedom and responsibility, and a meaningful life, the relationship between the client and me is of central prominence. Our therapeutic encounter will be the activator of positive change and it requires honesty and authenticity of me as well, in order to join the client in their subjective experience. I believe as a therapist, it will take a lot of courage, respect and faith in the client’s ability to grow and reach greater heights and it is important that I am fully present to the client in our  encounters. Although right now I am solely focusing on the existential approach to therapy, I believe that later on as I see a variety of clients, I may need to adapt certain interventions or  techniques from other theories that might be suitable for a particular client. However, I believe my main assumptions and goals for clients will remain in line with that of existentialism. The existential theory of counseling appears to be an appropriate theoretical base to use in counseling because it fits my style of counseling. It is supportive of the client finding meaning in life, which resolves the existential anxiety many people are feeling today. In addition the existential philosophy supports clients’ spiritual growth but likewise can be used with a secular approach as well. In the same way I would evaluate a client’s success on the basis of whether they have been able to find a purposeful existence through the discovery of their  strengths, their own freedom of choice etc. , is how I would evaluate myself personally and as a counselor. Can I live authentically? Can I create a life of meaning? Can I sit with ambivalence and anxiety? Can I make my own choices without having to depend on others? Can I face my fears rather than live a restricted existence? I do not have all the answers to these questions thus far, but they are important questions to me that I am always trying to answer. They are questions which I will probably always be asking myself as I re-evaluate and re-discover myself, but one thing I have realized thus far that is true for me, is that love is the highest goal to which I aspire. I wish to serve others and bring about change in others in counseling through this vessel. References Seligman, L. , Reichenberg, L. W. (2010). Theories of Counseling and Psychotherapy: Systems, Strategies, and Skills (3rd ed. ). New Jersey: Pearson Education Inc.

“Let’s Talk About Sex” Documentary Essay Essays

â€Å"Let’s Talk About Sex† Documentary Essay Essays â€Å"Let’s Talk About Sex† Documentary Essay Essay â€Å"Let’s Talk About Sex† Documentary Essay Essay Essay Topic: Talk James Houston put together the docudrama â€Å"Let’s Talk About Sex† that highlights the differences between American’s attack to arouse instruction and that of other states like the Netherlands. The stereotypes. contention. and irony all related to sex is put out in the unfastened and discussed. Throughout the movie. it is obvious that America’s ways of sex instruction and attitude towards sex has created a negative intension. The Europeans have a much more unfastened attack when it comes to the treatment of sex and started sex instruction at an early age. American’s. on the other manus. have a really closed attack to arouse treatment and salvage sex instruction for later ages. This negative intension and attack to instruction has resulted in the States holding much higher rates of adolescent gestation. adolescent birth. and sexually familial infections when compared to European states. One could state that it’s clip the United States changes its attack and sentiments sing sex. gender. and the instruction behind it. Throughout the film. there was a commonalty between those who held a colored sentiment on the subject of sex. Those who believed abstention should be enforced and were against an unfastened treatment of sexual dealingss were frequently times from the older coevals. It’s the parents of teens. most instructors of sex instruction. and even people within the churches that held a prejudice. They believed that teens should non be involved in sexual activities and that it should be saved for matrimony. Along with that. they stood behind the thought that the teens should non be educated about sex until later in high school and the unfastened treatment of sex and gender was non proper. Kelsey’s female parent was one of these biased people. She was strongly against the thought of Kelsey taking portion in sexual activities until she got married and did do it easy for Kelsey to openly pass on with her about her sexual dealingss. For those teens that do take portion in sexual activities. they are looked down upon in the greater part of American civilization because of the negative intensions that have been established here in the United States. With these prejudices. it has put sex into a negative class non merely for the minority. being the teens. but most Americans in general. In America. sex is non something people openly talk about nor is it something that teens are â€Å"suppose† to take portion in. The thought of teens taking portion in sexual dealingss prior to matrimony is greatly frowned upon and the stigma of transporting a rubber has scared them off from it. An illustration of this. which was shared in the film. is that in the Netherlands. transporting a rubber get downing in their teens is really common and bucked up. Where as in the provinces. if a adolescent were to be caught with a rubber. others would see that as a mark of person who is really promiscuous. In the film. females thought males who carried rubbers wanted nil but sex from a miss while males thought that adult females who carried rubbers were easy and considered slatterns. This negative impact in the States has generated these stereotypes environing sex. The effects of these stereotypes have negative results. For illustration. if a cat is afraid to transport a rubber because of the stereotype and when it comes clip for him to take portion in sexual activities. he won’t be decently prepared. Without the protection. he is at hazard for STIs and possibility of gestation in misss. This is besides true frailty versa with misss ; they excessively should transport rubbers. but are afraid due to the negative association. There is besides a negative thought behind the treatment of sex in an unfastened scene. Most parents in the US are afraid to speak about sex with their teens sharing both their sexual lives and discoursing their teens. Because the parents are non unfastened to it. the teens are afraid to near their parents with sex related inquiries or state them they have taken portion in sexual activities. Because of this. many teens go with out proper direction and right information in respects to sexual activities. Where as if the parents were more unfastened and accepting of the thought of their teens taking portion in sexual activities. it would open an avenue for better cognition and possibly even assist prevent STIs. gestations. and other sex related issues. The minority group in â€Å"Let’s Talk About Sex† stood as US teens. These teens faced the favoritism of senior groups and negative stereotypes. but throughout the class of the film. it showed how things are easy altering. Several people who are frequently viewed as community leaders are working to decently educate teens. An illustration was sublime Williams. who created an unfastened country to discourse sex related things and offer proper instruction. Some instructors besides voiced their sentiment on how they believe sex erectile dysfunction. should be more about sexual dealingss and non about human anatomy. They besides believe the instruction should get down at younger ages when childs are traveling through pubescence and developing sexually developing. This is one manner these teens are acquiring the upper manus on favoritism. Another is that opening the thought of household treatments about sex and the thought of teens being involved in sexual dealingss. Interrupting the premise that abstention is the lone reply and opening the door to treatment. utilizing the Netherlands as an illustration. By the terminal of the film. Kelsey. whose female parent originally frowned upon sex before matrimony. was able to alter her female parents mind and even speak about her sexual dealingss. These are merely a twosome of the ways the teens easy made alteration. there is still a batch more to be talked about and changed. When reflecting back. I excessively can associate to the US teens in the docudrama. I have noticed the closed door in footings of the treatment of sex and human gender every bit good as the stigmas associated with teens’ engagement in sexual activities. I do believe there is something to be said about the Netherlands attack to human gender and sex. particularly when looking at the figure of adolescent gestations and transmittal of STIs compared to the much larger figure in the US. We. as the United States. could profit from a alteration in the ambiance environing adolescent sex. and sex in general. Sexual activity is a natural thing.

Battle of the Philippine Sea in World War II

Battle of the Philippine Sea in World War II The Battle of the Philippine Sea was fought on June 19-20, 1944, as part of the Pacific Theater of World War II (1939-1945). Having island-hopped across the Pacific Ocean, Allied forces advanced on the Mariana Islands in mid-1944. Seeking to block this thrust, the Imperial Japanese Navy dispatched a large force to the area. In the resulting battle, Allied forces sank three Japanese aircraft carriers and inflicted crippling losses on the Japanese fleet air arm. The aerial battle proved so one-sided that Allied pilots referred to it as the Great Marianas Turkey Shoot. The victory allowed Allied forces to isolate and eliminate Japanese forces on Saipan, Guam, and Tinian. Background Having recovered from their earlier carrier losses at the Coral Sea, Midway, and the Solomons Campaign, the Japanese decided to return to the offensive in mid-1944. Initiating Operation A-Go, Admiral Soemu Toyoda, Commander-in-Chief of the Combined Fleet, committed the bulk of his surface forces to striking at the Allies. Concentrated in Vice Admiral Jisaburo Ozawas First Mobile Fleet, this force was centered on nine carriers (5 fleet, 4 light) and five battleships. In mid-June with American forces attacking Saipan in the Marianas, Toyoda ordered Ozawa to strike. Vice Admiral Jisaburo Ozawa, IJN.   Public Domain Steaming into the Philippine Sea, Ozawa counted on support from Vice Admiral Kakuji Kakutas land-based planes in the Marianas which he hoped would destroy a third of the American carriers before his fleet arrived. Unknown to Ozawa, Kakutas strength had been greatly reduced by Allied air attacks on June 11-12. Alerted to Ozawas sailing by U.S. submarines, Admiral Raymond Spruance, commander of the U.S. 5th Fleet, had Vice Admiral Marc Mitschers Task Force 58 formed near Saipan to meet the Japanese advance. Consisting of fifteen carriers in four groups and seven fast battleships, TF-58 was intended to deal with Ozawa, while also covering the landings on Saipan. Around midnight on June 18, Admiral Chester W. Nimitz, Commander-in-Chief of the U.S. Pacific Fleet, alerted Spruance that Ozawas main body had been located approximately 350 miles west-southwest of TF-58. Realizing that continuing to steam west could lead to a night encounter with the Japanese, Mitscher asked permission to move just far enough west to be able to launch an air strike at dawn. Battle of the Philippine Sea Conflict: World War II (1939-1945)Dates: July 19-20, 1944Fleets and Commanders:AlliesAdmiral Raymond SpruanceVice Admiral Marc Mitscher7 fleet carriers, 8 light carriers, 7 battleships, 79 other warships, 28 submarinesJapaneseVice Admiral Jisaburo OzawaVice Admiral Kakuji Kakuta5 fleet carriers, 4 light carriers, 5 battleships, 43 other warshipsCasualties:Allies: 123 aircraftJapan: 3 carriers, 2 oilers, and approximately 600 aircraft (around 400 carrier, 200 land-based) Fighting Begins Concerned about being lured away from Saipan and opening the door for the Japanese slip around his flank, Spruance denied Mitschers request stunning his subordinate and his aviators. Knowing that battle was imminent, TF-58 deployed with its battleships to the west to provide an anti-aircraft shield. Around 5:50 a.m. on June 19, an A6M Zero from Guam spotted TF-58 and radioed a report to Ozawa before being shot down. Operating on this information, Japanese aircraft began taking off from Guam. To meet this threat, a group of F6F Hellcat fighters was launched. Vice Admiral Marc Mitscher.   U.S. Navy History and Heritage Command Arriving over Guam, they became engaged in a large aerial battle which saw 35 Japanese aircraft shot down. Fighting for over an hour, the American planes were recalled when radar reports showed inbound Japanese aircraft. These were the first wave of aircraft from Ozawas carriers which had launched around 8:30 a.m. While the Japanese had been able to make good their losses in carriers and aircraft, their pilots were green and lacked the skill and experience of their American counterparts. Consisting of 69 aircraft, the first Japanese wave was met by 220 Hellcats approximately 55 miles from the carriers. A Turkey Shoot Committing basic mistakes, the Japanese were knocked from the sky in large numbers with 41 of the 69 aircraft being shot down in less than 35 minutes. Their only success was a hit on the battleship USS South Dakota (BB-57). At 11:07 a.m., a second wave of Japanese aircraft appeared. Having launched shortly after the first, this group was larger and numbered 109 fighters, bombers, and torpedo bombers. Engaged 60 miles out, the Japanese lost around 70 aircraft before reaching TF-58. While they managed some near misses, they failed to score any hits. By the time the attacked ended, 97 Japanese aircraft had been downed. Fighter plane contrails mark the sky over Task Force 58, during the Great Marianas Turkey Shoot phase of the Battle of the Philippine Sea, June 29, 1944.   U.S. Naval History and Heritage Command A third Japanese attack of 47 aircraft was met at 1:00 PM with seven aircraft being downed. The remainder either lost their bearings or failed to press their attacks. Ozawas final attack launched around 11:30 a.m. and consisted of 82 aircraft. Arriving in the area, 49 failed to spot TF-58 and continued on to Guam. The rest attacked as planned, but sustained heavy losses and failed to inflict any damage on the American ships. Arriving over Guam, the first group was attacked by Hellcats as they attempted to land at Orote. During this engagement, 30 of the 42 were shot down. American Strikes As Ozawas aircraft were launching, his carriers were being stalked by American submarines. The first to strike was USS Albacore which fired a spread of torpedoes at the carrier Taiho. Ozawas flagship, Taiho was hit by one which ruptured two aviation fuel tanks. A second attack came later in the day when USS Cavella struck the carrier Shokaku with four torpedoes. As Shokaku was dead in the water and sinking, a damage control error aboard Taiho led to a series of explosions which sank the ship. Recovering his aircraft, Spruance again held off turning west in an effort to protect Saipan. Making the turn at nightfall, his search aircraft spent most of June 20 trying to locate Ozawas ships. Finally around 4:00 p.m., a scout from USS Enterprise (CV-6) located the enemy. Making a daring decision, Mitscher launched an attack at extreme range and with only hours remaining before sunset. Reaching the Japanese fleet, the 550 American aircraft sank two oilers and the carrier Hiyo in exchange for twenty aircraft. In addition, hits were scored on the carriers Zuikaku, Junyo, and Chiyoda, as well as the battleship Haruna. Japanese Carrier Division Three under attack by United States Navy aircraft from Task Force 58 in the battle of the Philippine Sea, late afternoon of June 20, 1944. U.S. Naval History and Heritage Command   Flying home in the darkness, the attackers began to run low on fuel and many were forced to ditch. To ease their return, Mitscher daringly ordered all of the lights in the fleet turned on despite the risk of alerting enemy submarines to their position. Landing over a two-hour span, the aircraft set down wherever was easiest with many landing on the wrong ship. Despite these efforts, around 80 aircraft were lost through ditching or crashes. His air arm effectively destroyed, Ozawa was ordered to withdraw that night by Toyoda. Aftermath The Battle of the Philippine Sea cost Allied forces 123 aircraft while the Japanese lost three carriers, two oilers, and approximately 600 aircraft (around 400 carrier, 200 land-based). The devastation wrought by American pilots on June 19 led one to comment Why, hell it was just like an old-time turkey shoot down home!† This led to the aerial fight earning the name The Great Marianas Turkey Shoot. With the Japanese air arm crippled, their carriers only became useful as decoys and were deployed as such at the Battle of Leyte Gulf. While many criticized Spruance for not being aggressive enough, he was commended by his superiors for his performance.

Essay about the play Our town Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words - 1

About the play Our town - Essay Example Again the play deals with another theme that since life is transient, traditions and values of life also undergo changes. In Act I, the stage that represents Gibbs and Webb families is largely inactive and lifeless because of the absence of daily activities. After the manager’s short description, daily activities begin on the stage. Throughout the whole play the milkman, the paperboy, Gibb’s family pantomime their typical activities and household chores. At the end of this Act, the audience comes to learn about the romantic affair between Emily and George. Act II mainly deals with George and Emily’s ceremony and also their retrospective details of their relationship in the past. The manager narrates how things change along the passage of time. He describes how George and Emily go to schools together. In the past years affection grew between the two through different events such as being elected class president, treasurer, baseball leader, etc. Now they are going to be tied with marital bond. George’s future father-in-law informs him about the change in the traditional view about a bride. He says to George that his father advises him to use his wife as property in order to be happy in conjugal life. But he did not follow his advice; he is happy in his conjugal life. It essentially reveals that traditional views change along the passage of time. Act III deals with the funeral of Emily who died in childbirth. It is the most heart-touching part of the play. It crucially contributes to the development of the theme that life is valuable and should live his or her life to the fullest. Emily’s spirit does not want to join with the dead. She wants to revive the most pleasing parts of her life. Only now, the audiences are aware of the value and pleasures of life. The primary themes of the play have been worked out by the use of different imagery and symbols such as â€Å"morning†, â€Å"natural

Airline Revenue Management Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Airline Revenue Management - Essay Example The company blames the strike action of cabin crew and planned winter capacity reduction as a major cause of decline in revenues, capacity and traffic.1 The reported loss of British Airways in 2010 was  £531 million as compared to  £401 million loss in 2009 (Table I).2 On the other hand, according to information taken from official website of Ryanair, the low cost airline Ryanair reports increase in its passengers’ traffic by 14% (from 58.6m on March 31, 2009 to 66.5m on March 31, 2010), increase in revenues by 2% (from â‚ ¬2,942m in 2009 to â‚ ¬2,988m in 2010) and increase in Earnings per Share by 204% (from 7.10 in 2009 to 21.59 in 2010). Furthermore, the company started its services on 284 new routes and now it is providing services on 940 total routes.3 Moreover, the number of passengers of Ryanair is also increasing rapidly for example, in June 2009; the number of travellers served by the company was 5,836,355 as compared to 6,713,559 travellers served in 2010 (Table II).4 The price structure of Ryanair is very simple and company only charges ticket price and for using other facilities customers have to pay extra charges. On the other hand, British Airways includes everything such as food, toilet etc in the ticket prices which enhances the cost of ticket. Since the competition among airlines is increasing, therefore, airlines are coming up with distinct strategies for example, Ryanair is seeking to reduce its costs and lower its profit margin to offer lowest possible prices to customers. On the other hand, British Airways has kept her prices high because of the slowing down of global travelling demand, increasing fuel costs, high insurance costs and increasing airport taxes (Ivythesis, 2009). Being a legacy carrier, British Airways is only serving the primary and major airports whereas, being a low cost carrier, Ryanair is serving secondary airports. Ryanair has been given the award of lowest cost airline by Budgies