Palace Bar Essay Example

Palace Bar Essay After being with Gerald for about half a year, Daisy went to the seaside for several months, to try and make it last longer (Inspector, quoting from her diary). When her money ran out though, she had no choice but to return to the Palace Bar again, for there was no other way for her to gain money. One night she met Eric, a seemingly friendly young man who ended up getting very drunk and forcing her to sleep with him. Eric admits: she told me she didnt want me to go in but that well, I was in that state when a chap easily turns nasty and I threatened to make a row. Daisy was helpless, she was faced by a drunk, violent young man, and she was powerless to stop him. The only way that she could save herself was to go along with him, and let him take advantage of her vulnerable position. Then when she saw him again, he was in a normal state, and he was just like any other customer, she had to sleep with people to gain money, and to survive. With little or no contraception in these times, she became pregnant. When she told him, Eric insisted on giving her enough money to keep her going, again, the money is pressed upon Daisy, she doesnt take it, or ask for it, she is persuaded to take it. We will write a custom essay sample on Palace Bar specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on Palace Bar specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on Palace Bar specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer Then when she discovered that Eric was giving her stolen money she wouldnt take any more, and she didnt want to see me [Eric] again. This shows incredible honesty and caring for Eric, that even pregnant, with no money, she wouldnt take stolen money because she knew it was wrong, and also because she didnt want to get Eric into trouble. Then again, you could say that she only turned the money down because she didnt want to get herself into trouble, she didnt do it because of Eric at all. Also Eva shouldnt have gone to the Palace Bar in the first place, it was her fault that she got pregnant because she put herself at risk of men like Eric. It was her own fault that she let Eric take advantage of her, she shouldnt have let him take her home in the first place, she should have realised he was drunk and stayed in the Bar when he left. Also why didnt she try for a job instead of resorting to the Palace Bar. Eric says: she didnt feel like trying again for another job, but that is lazy of her, and she should have at least looked for one. The last straw for Daisy was being turned down by charity. With no money or job and a baby on the way she made a last attempt by applying to the Bromley Womans Committee for money. She said that she was called Mrs Birling, which is nearly true, because she was pregnant with Erics baby, but very unfortunately for her, Mrs Birling was interviewing her, and as Mrs Birling thought that Daisy was trying to be rude, she was immediately prejudiced against her case. From then on, Daisy had no chance, and when she said truthfully that she didnt want to take stolen money from Eric (she never revealed Erics true identity though) Mrs Birling assumed that a girl in Daisys position would not have such scruples as that, and thought that Daisy was lying. Mrs Birling never took Daisy seriously, she just saw her as a lying prostitute who didnt deserve the charitys money because it was meant to be given only to needy cases, when she should have realised that Daisy was as needy a cause as any. When Mrs Birling refused to give Daisy any money, it was too much for her, and she committed suicide. However, you could think that it was all Daisys fault that she was pregnant in the first place, because she was the one who went to the Palace Bar, she brought it all upon herself; therefore she deserved to be turned down by charity, there were more needy cases apart from Daisy. Also it was dishonest of her to make up a story in the first place. She pretended that her husband had left her, which was an outright lie, because she had never had a husband, only a man who she slept with several times, and also she was the one who told Eric to stop giving her money, she stood back from Erics advances, and she said that it was a bad idea that they were ma rried. She had been turned out and turned down too many times, this was the end. (Inspector) Daisy eventually committed suicide because there was nothing left for her, and she knew she wouldnt be able to give her child any future worth living for. Her illegitimate baby would be used and ill-treated just as Daisy had been, so Daisy knew there was no point in giving birth to the poor thing, so I dont think she was responsible for the death of her unborn baby, I think it was the fault of the people who misused her, such as the Birlings, and Gerald. They were all important factors in the eventual death of Eva (Daisy) Smith. It wasnt Daisys fault that she committed suicide, there was just nothing left for her. She had nowhere to live, no money, no  friends, and she had just been turned down by charity, so she gave up.

What Are Accountability Essay Samples?

What Are Accountability Essay Samples?Accountability essay samples can be extremely helpful when you're writing about personal issues, relationships, or anything related to an academic field. Accountability essay samples can help you make your essay's much easier to write and more logical. They're so helpful because they allow you to use common vocabulary and phrases that people often use in their everyday lives.The use of accountability essay samples is a great idea for anyone who is in need of writing good essays. With these samples, you will be able to show how you've developed a methodology and procedure to how you handle any given situation. Some examples that are commonly used in academic settings include 'make sure that I complete all of my assignments'I should be able to continue in this academic program.'These examples are very important because they enable you to clearly show your progress in your academic programs. You'll also be able to write an essay on the success of yo ur academic endeavors. Writing academic papers requires both the learning and the practice to write papers and correct all errors and learn new information that you haven't learned before. These accountability essay samples are perfect for the people who want to be the best academic achievers they can be.The first thing that you have to do when writing your paper is to know what you're going to talk about. You can either stick to what you know about your subject or you can break the paper up into sections. If you're going to talk about something that you don't know a lot about, it's better to split your paper up into parts. For example, if you want to talk about your relationship with your partner, it would be best to write down your experiences about your relationship with your partner in one part. This way, you won't forget everything that you talked about in one place.The next step in order to write your paper is to put everything you have written into an outline. You can either write it out on a piece of paper or you can use a free hand in writing an outline. The benefit of writing everything in a notepad is that you will have your paper neatly organized. You will also have your information organized so that you won't have to worry about making a mistake when you put the paper together.Once you have your paper organized, you should start to review everything in order to come up with the conclusion. This is the only time where you'll really want to make sure that you've accomplished everything that you needed to do before you write the conclusion. This is where you need to put everything in order that you had talked about in your paper in the beginning.When you're writing your accountability essay samples, make sure that you use the best common sense and logic that you can. It's up to you to make sure that you develop yourself as an academic writer.

Android Application Development-Backdroid Essays

Android Application Development-Backdroid Essays Android Application Development-Backdroid Essay Android Application Development-Backdroid Essay Software Requirements Specification for Android Application Development Version 1. 0 Prepared by Arpit Parekh Rakesh Bangera Akshay Hire DON BOSCO INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY Mumbai University Revision History |Name |Date |Reason for changes |Version | | | | | | | | | | | ) Abstract Android is a software stack for mobile devices that includes an operating system, middleware and key applications. Android is a software platform and operating system for mobile devices based on the Linux kernel and developed by Google. It is also a part of Open Handset Alliance. It allows developers to write managed code in a Java-like language that utilizes Google-developed Java libraries, but does not support programs developed in native code. The unveiling of the Android platform on 5 November 2007 was announced with the founding of the Open Handset Alliance, a consortium of 34 hardware, software and telecom companies devoted to advancing open standards for mobile devices. When released in 2008, most of the Android platform will be made available under the Apache free-software and open-source license. 2) Aim and Objective Aim of our project is to build an application for the Android Platform Mobiles. Many people who use handheld devices, store much volatile and personalized information on the device. They are forced to synchronise this information to their Desktop or the Mainframe from time to time. This is to ensure that even if the device, being used, in some way is unable to retrieve the information stored, there is a backup handy. Our application BackDroid helps create a backup and also place the backup file at a secure location, on the mail server specified. Our objective is to treat the data important over all the other things. Thus, we consider the worst case scenario and design the application. We intend to build a bug free, working application for the purpose specified. 3) Literature Survey 3. What is Android? Android is a software stack for mobile devices that includes an operating system, middleware and key applications. The Android SDK provides the tools and APIs necessary to begin developing applications on the Android platform using the Java programming language. 3. 2 Features Application framework enabling reuse and replacement of components Dalvik virtual machine optimized for mobile devices Integrated browser based on the open source WebKit engine Optimized graphics powered by a custom 2D graphics library; 3D graphics based on the OpenGL ES 1. 0 specification (hardware acceleration optional) SQLite for structured data storage Media support for common audio, video, and still image formats (MPEG4, H. 264, MP3, AAC, AMR, JPG, PNG, GIF) GSM Telephony (hardware dependent) Bluetooth, EDGE, 3G, and WiFi (hardware dependent) Camera, GPS, compass, and accelerometer (hardware dependent) Rich development environment including a device emulator, tools for debugging, memory and performance profiling, and a plugin for the Eclipse IDE. 3. 3 Application Framework By providing an open development platform, Android offers developers the ability to build extremely rich and innovative applications. Developers are free to take advantage of the device hardware, access location information, run background services, set alarms, add notifications to the status bar, and much, much more. Developers have full access to the same framework APIs used by the core applications. The application architecture is designed to simplify the reuse of components; any application can publish its capabilities and any other application may then make use of those capabilities (subject to security constraints enforced by the framework). This same mechanism allows components to be replaced by the user. . 4 Android Architecture The following diagram shows the major components of the Android operating system. Each section is described in more detail below. [pic] 3. 5 Libraries Android includes a set of C/C++ libraries used by various components of the Android system. These capabilities are exposed to developers through the Android application framework. Some of the core libraries are listed below: System C library a BSD-derived implementation of the standard C system library (libc), tuned for embedded Linux-based devices Media Libraries based on PacketVideos OpenCORE; the libraries support playback and recording of many popular audio and video formats, as well as static image files, including MPEG4, H. 264, MP3, AAC, AMR, JPG, and PNG Surface Manager manages access to the display subsystem and seamlessly composites 2D and 3D graphic layers from multiple applications LibWebCore a modern web browser engine which powers both the Android browser and an embeddable web view SGL the underlying 2D graphics engine 3D libraries an implementation based on OpenGL ES 1. 0 APIs; the libraries use either hardware 3D acceleration (where available) or the included, ighly optimized 3D software rasterizer FreeType bitmap and vector font rendering SQLite a powerful and lightweight relational database engine available to all applications 4) Existing System The existing system consists of the following UI: [pic] [pic] [pic] This is the Android UI provided by Google. Google also provides with some built in applicati ons to handle the functions like Contacts, Gallery, Browser, Messaging, E-mail client etc. The contacts application provided by Google is not very helpful when it comes to backing up of data. The contacts can be stored with multiple fields using this application. The Gmail contacts also are shown in the contacts. To backup this data our application can be used. Similarly, the application provided to read the messages has a similar difficulty. 5) Problem Statement To develop an application for Android OS which operates on mobile devices. This application should enable the user to make a backup of their personalized data. The data that is taken as backup can be contacts, messages and notes. This backup can be stores in the internal or external memory of the mobile phone. Users should be able to upload this backup file to their mail addresses. Scheduling the backup should also be possible (i. e. daily, weekly, monthly or customised). Application should also provide the facility of remote-backup procedure. The remote procedure should have authentication procedure. Emphasis is given to data above all. Application name: BackDroid. 6) Scope 6. 1 BackDroid 6. 2 Application Features Back-up of messages and contacts. Remote login system. Sending of back-up files through mail. Background running of application. Back-up scheduling can be done. Uploading, Back-up of data is done in the background. It provides the user to work on other applications simultaneously. 7) Proposed System The application is divided into 5 modules, these can be stated as: 1. Backup 2. Restore 3. Upload 4. Remote Login 7. 1 Case Study 7. 1. 1 Case Study 1: Back-up Success and Upload Success: The application is initiated by the user. Then the options menu occurs where user chooses the back-up option. In back-up option the user has to choose the data of which he requires taking back-up of (messages, contacts or notes). After selecting the appropriate option, the back-up process is initiated in the background. At this time the user is free to do whatever he wants to on the device. After the back-up operation is complete the user is notified that the back-up is taken and saved at a specified location on the device by the user. As soon as the back-up operation is completed, the upload process begins. In this process, the back-up file is uploaded over the e-mail address specified by the user. This helps the user to keep a back-up copy safely without using any other application on a reliable databank. 7. 1. 2 Case Study 2: Back-up Success and Upload Failure: The application is initiated by the user. Then the options menu occurs where user chooses the back-up option. In back-up option the user has to choose the data of which he requires to take back-up of (messages, contacts or notes). After selecting the appropriate option, the back-up process is initiated in the background. At this time the user is free to do whatever he wants to on the device. After the back-up operation is complete the user is notified that the back-up is taken and saved at a specified location on the device by the user. Now the application automatically uploads it to the e-mail address specified by the user. But, if the back-up copy cannot be uploaded to the e-mail address for some reason like out of GPRS range or no GPRS settings on the given device then the user will get a pop-up that ‘Upload Process Failed’. In this case, the back-up has to be uploaded manually by the user from the saved location on the device after completing the requirements due to which the upload process was terminated before. Else one copy is stored on the external memory. 7. 2 Detailed Features of BackDroid 7. 2. 1Working in Background One of the features of BackDroid allows user to run the application process in background. This feature of BackDroid helps the user to use different features of the device simultaneously with the application running in background. This feature of BackDroid is possible with the support of Intents in the Android Operating System. This is possible because of the feature of ‘multithreading’. The user is free to work on any process while the backup, upload or restore is in process. 7. 2. 2 Upload Procedure The upload feature allows user to upload the back-up to the specified e-mail address given by the user. This feature is useful as it allows the user to keep a back-up copy over the internet securely. This feature requires a GPRS connection to upload the back-up. This application also uses intents as the upload operation is initiated automatically after the back-up operation. This operation is also run in the background. 7. 2. 3 Remote login, Scheduling and Backup-Upload Intent is a simple message-passing framework. Using Intents, user can broadcast messages system-wide or to a target Activity or Service, stating your intention to have an action performed. The system will then determine the target(s) that will perform any actions as specified in its programming. Intents are applied to enable scheduling, remote login, and calling of other modules on some occurrences is made possible. 8) Methodology 8. 1 Developing Android applications Using Ellipse: The Android Development Tools (ADT) plug-in for Eclipse adds powerful extensions to the Eclipse integrated development environment. It allows you to create and debug Android applications easier and faster. If you use Eclipse, the ADT plug-in gives you an incredible boost in developing Android applications: It gives you access to other Android development tools from inside the Eclipse IDE. For example, ADT lets you access the many capabilities of the DDMS tool: take screenshots, manage port-forwarding, set breakpoints, and view thread and process information directly from Eclipse. It provides a New Project Wizard, which helps you quickly create and set up all of the basic files youll need for a new Android application. It automates and simplifies the process of building your Android application. It provides an Android code editor that helps you write valid XML for your Android manifest and resource files. It will even export your project into a signed APK, which can be distributed to users. 8. 2 Testing Overview Android includes powerful tools for setting up and running test applications. Whether you are working in Eclipse with ADT or working from the command line, these tools help you set up and run your tests within an emulator or the device you are targeting. The documents listed below explain how to work with the tools in your development environment. If you arent yet familiar with the Android testing framework, please read the topic Testing and Instrumentation before you get started. For a step-by-step introduction to Android testing, try the Hello, Testing tutorial, which introduces basic testing concepts and procedures. For a more advanced tutorial, try Activity Testing, which guides you through a more complex testing scenario. Testing in Eclipse, with ADT The ADT plugin lets you quickly set up and manage test projects directly in the Eclipse UI. Once you have written your tests, you can build and run them and then see the results in the Eclipse JUnit view. You can also use the SDK command-line tools to execute your tests if needed. The following diagram summarizes the Android testing environment: [pic] To run a test in Eclipse, you have two choices: 1. Run a test just as you run an application, by selecting Run As gt; Android JUnit Test from the projects context menu or from the main menus Run item. 2. Create an Eclipse run configuration for your test project. This is useful if you want multiple test suites, each consisting of selected tests from the project. To run a test suite, you run the test configuration. 8. 2. 1 Creating the Test Project In the Hello World tutorial you created Android applic ation project called HelloAndroid. A test of an Android application is also an Android application, and you create it within an Eclipse project. The Eclipse with ADT New Android Test Project dialog creates a new test project and the framework of a new test application at the same time. To create the test project and test application framework in Eclipse with ADT, follow these steps 1. In Eclipse, select New ; Project ; Android ; Android Test Project. [pic] The New Android Test Project dialog appears. 2. Set the following values: o Test Project Name: HelloAndroidTest o Test Target: Set An existing Android project, click Browse, and then select HelloAndroid from the list of projects. o Build Target: Set a target whose platform is Android 1. or above. o Application name: HelloAndroidTest o Package name: com. example. helloandroid. test The dialog should now look like this: [pic] 3. Click Finish. The new project appears in the Package Explorer. 8. 2. 2 Adding the test case class file To add the Java file for the test case class, follow these steps In Eclipse, open the HelloAndroidTest project if it is not already open. 1. Within HelloAndroidTest, expand the src/ folder and then find the package icon for com. example. helloandroid. test. Right-click on the package icon and select New ; Class: [pic] The New Java Class dialog appears. 2. In the dialog, enter the following: o Name: HelloAndroidTest. This becomes the name of your test class. o Superclass: android. test. ActivityInstrumentationTestCase2. The superclass is parameterized by an Activity class name. The dialog should now look like this: [pic] 3. Do not change any of the other settings. Click Finish. 4. You now have a new file HelloAndroidTest. java in the project. This file contains the class HelloAndroidTest, which extends the Activity test case class ActivityInstrumentationTestCase2. You parameterize the class with HelloAndroid, which is the class name of the activity under test. . Open HelloAndroidTest. java. It should look like this: package com. example. helloandroid. test; import android. test. ActivityInstrumentationTestCase2; public class HelloAndroidTest extends ActivityInstrumentationTestCase2 { } 6. The test case class depends on the HelloAndroid class, which is not yet imported. To import the class, add the following line just before the current import statement: import com. example. helloandroid. HelloAndroid; 8. 2. 3 Running the Tests and Seeing the Results You can now run the tests youve created against the Hello, Android application. In Eclipse with ADT, you run a test application as an Android JUnit test rather than a regular Android application. To run the test application as an Android JUnit test, in the Package Explorer right-click the HelloAndroidTest project and select Run As Android JUnit Test [pic] The ADT plugin then launches the test application and the application under test on a the target emulator or device. When both applications are running, the testing framework runs the tests and reports the results in the JUnit view of Eclipse, which appears by default as a tab next to the Package Explorer. As shown below, the JUnit view shows test results in two separate panes: an upper pane summarizes the tests that were run and a lower pane reports the failure traces for the tests. In this case, the tests in this example have run successfully, so there is no failure reported in the view: [pic] The upper pane summarizes the test: Finished after x seconds: How long the test took to run. Runs: The number of tests run. Errors:: The number of program errors and exceptions encountered during the test run. Failures:: The number of assertion failures encountered during the test run. A progress bar. The progress bar extends from left to right as the tests run. If all the tests succeed, the bar remains green. If a test fails, the bar turns from green to red. A test method summary. Below the bar, you see a line for each class in the test application, labelled by its fully-qualified class name. To look at the results for the individual methods in a test case class, click the arrow at the le ft of the class to expand the line. You see the name of each test method. To the right of the method name, you see the time needed to run that method. You can look at the methods code by double-clicking its name. The lower pane contains the failure trace. If all the tests are successful, this pane is empty. If some tests fail, then if you select a failed test in the upper pane, the lower view contains a stack trace for the test. 9) Analysis According to the mobile users, data kept on their mobile device is volatile. Also if the device memory is damaged, the personalized data is damaged too. Even when the device does not fail, there is a need of portability or the data from one device to other. If the user wants to switch between two or more devices, user has a need to synchronise the data in each devices. Also the user hardly can check on the last date when the data has been taken as Backup. Thus, there is a need to provide with the scheduling or auto backup facility. When the backup process is carried out, the user can hardly manage to use other functions of the device. In our application, we provide possibility to backup the data in the background. This is possible using the â€Å"intents† feature provided by the Android OS. Intents usually communicate between the modules of the same modules or between two different applications. Moreover, Android is a virtual implementation on the Linux kernel, making it a multithreaded process handling OS. This also enables the user to increase the number of tasks carried out at once. The connectivity and protocols support provided by Android OS is wide, which we have utilised to implement in the Remote login part of the program. Any authorised person can call the application process, running in the background of the device, remotely. This will enable the remote person to access the application and create the backup whenever he is assigned to do so. The remote procedure can be only called by the person who has the application installed and has the authorised access keys. Thus the security of the data is taken care of. Procedure is same via Bluetooth connection. 10) Hardware and Software Details 10. 1 Hardware requirement: Android compatible device Min. 250MHz processor Min. 64Mb RAM and 32Mb ROM 10. 2 Software Requirement: Android Development Toolkit (ADT). Ellipse – Java based Editing software. Windows / Linux / MacOS platform. Emulator or a Android Development Device. 10. 3 For Application: 11) Design Details 1. Use Case Diagram [pic] 2. Activity Diagrams 11. 2. 1 Backup: In this module the function carried out is creating of the backup package/file. This module has the following steps: [pic] 2. Restore: This module carries out, restoring of the data from an earlier backup file. The module has follo wing activities: [pic] 3. Upload: This module handles the uploading of the backup data from the user’s handheld device to the mail server specified by the user. The module has following set of activities: [pic] 2. Sequence Diagram 11. 3. 1 Restore [pic] 2. Backup [pic] 3. Upload Sequence [pic] 12) Implementation for the Next Semester In the next semester, we will be implementing the application BackDroid as planned by us in this document. And after implementing the suggested application, if time prevails we would also like to implement an application on ‘Compression of Data’. This application can be used as a feature of BackDroid and also be used independently for other types of files present in the device. Compression can be useful for reducing the bandwidth usage while uploading data on servers. As the GPRS rates are high and also low space gives the user easier portability. Appendix: I References: Books: Professional Guide to Android 2 Application Development- Reto Meir . Web Resource: http://developer. android. com http://droiddraw. com wrox. com http://anddev. com stackoverflow. com/questions/tagged/android/ Appendix: II Project Output: The output after finishing this project is a fully functional BackDroid application. This application would be licensed by Google Android Market. Backdroid will be available for the user to be run on an Android OS.

What Is AP Capstone Should You Do It

What Is AP Capstone Should You Do It SAT / ACT Prep Online Guides and Tips Have you heard about the AP program's new diploma program, AP Capstone? Is this just an IB clone or something more interesting? And will completing AP Capstone get you into college? We’ll explore those questions here. Read on for a complete guide to AP Capstone! What Is AP Capstone? AP Capstone is the AP program’s new diploma program. A diploma program is a program that signifies you completed a certain set of requirements in high school to earn an advanced diploma. (This is in addition to your basic high school diploma.) Probably the most well-known advanced diploma program is the International Baccalaureate (IB) program. Perhaps to compete with IB, the AP program launched its own diploma program, AP Capstone, in fall 2014. While the regular AP program allows students to choose whichever AP classes they want to take and doesn’t have any overarching structure, AP Capstone requires you take a certain number of AP classes and meet certain requirements to earn the AP Capstone advanced diploma. You have to take skills-based and subject-based AP classes to earn the Capstone diploma. Specifically, AP Capstone includes two foundation courses – AP Seminar and AP Research – to enhance four subject-specific AP courses (in any subject) for a total of six AP courses. Diagram via College Board. College Board says of the program: â€Å"[AP Capstone] cultivates curious, independent, and collaborative scholars and prepares them to make logical, evidence-based decisions.† In other words, AP Capstone is working to bring some thematic unity to the AP program. Typically, students will choose AP classes that are interesting to them and treat them as totally separate entities. They don’t have to make connections between their AP classes or the skills they require. By including AP Seminar and AP Research, the Capstone program aims to make AP a more cohesive high school program. AP Capstone also includes a 5,000 word research paper, which is quite similar to IB’s extended essay. Additionally, some of the curriculum aligns with new common core standards – a bid to make AP Capstone competitive and desirable to schools in today’s changing education world. How AP Capstone Works To get the AP Capstone diploma, you take two special AP courses. You’ll take AP Seminar in 10th or 11th grade, followed by AP Research in the 11th or 12th grade. (You can’t take both in the same grade; AP Seminar has to come before AP Research!) In addition to AP Seminar and AP Research, you have to take four AP classes of your choosing at any point in high school. This means you could simply take one AP course each year (freshmen, sophomore, junior, senior) or pack them into your last two years of high school. If you receive a 3 or higher on all these exams, you will receive the AP Capstone Diploma. (Of course, there is nothing preventing you from taking more than four AP classes if that's what you want to do. You just need a minimum of four to get the AP Capstone diploma.) If you receive scores of 3 or higher in AP Research and AP Seminar, but don’t take four other AP classes or don’t get high enough AP scores in them, you’ll get the AP Seminar and Research Certificate, which shows you gained college-level academic and research skills. The Two Capstone Courses – AP Seminar and AP Research Both AP Seminar and AP Research aim to create a college-like academic experience right in your high school classroom. The AP Seminar and AP Research classes are the main distinguishing features of AP Capstone. These courses give students additional skills to use in other AP classes and college, but aren’t based in specific subjects (e.g. math, language arts, science, or social studies). They aim to help students do the following: Analyze topics through different lenses for greater meaning or understanding Plan and conduct a study/investigation Propose solutions to real world problems Collaborate to solve a problem Plan and produce communication Integrate, synthesize and make cross-cultural connections Let's take a look at each class to learn more. AP Seminar Overview In Seminar, you'll develop analytic and inquiry skills, exploring two to four issues chosen by you or your teacher, depending on how your teacher runs the class. The class focuses on themes based on student interests, local and/or civic issues, global or international topics, and concepts from other AP courses. For example, you might explore the question of whether national security is more important than a citizen’s right to privacy; or whether genetic engineering is a benefit to society. Both topics would draw from multiple subjects (social studies, science, ethics) and allow you to look at issues through many different lenses. During the course, you also complete a team project, an individual paper and presentation, and take a final AP exam. The AP Seminar Exam score is based on all three components and is reported on the standard 1–5 AP scoring scale. AP Research Overview You have to take AP Seminar before you can take AP Research. While Seminar introduces you to discussion, research, and presentation skills, AP Research allows you to design, plan, and conduct a year-long research-based investigation on a topic that interests you. You'll build on skills from AP Seminar by learning about research methodology, using ethical research practices, and analyzing the information you find to write and defend your argument. Get ready to spend a lot of time in the library! For your research paper, you can dig into a topic you already studied in a different AP course, or come up with your own topic that combines different subjects. At the end of the research investigation, you’ll write a paper of about 5,000 words, then present and defend it. The AP Research Exam score is based on the paper, presentation, and defense, and is reported on the standard 1–5 AP scoring scale. So note that, unlike AP Seminar, there is not a formal AP Research exam. Your paper and presentation will be the exam! How Popular Is AP Capstone? The AP Capstone program is quite new, as it only debuted in 2014. Currently, about 300 American schools, 15 Canadian schools, and 30 other international schools have the program. Considering 894 schools in the US alone have IB, AP Capstone is pretty small in comparison. That said, the program will likely grow and expand quite a bit in the next few years as more schools choose to implement it. Some states don’t have any AP Capstone schools yet.several (like Missouri and Utah) have just one participating school, while others have quite a few. (Florida has almost 100!) It will be interesting to see if the state representation evens out in the coming years or if Capstone becomes very popular in certain states and rare in others. How Capstone Differs From â€Å"Regular AP† The basic AP program is more flexible than AP Capstone. The regular AP program is an â€Å"a la carte† program – you can choose which AP classes to take and how intense you want your schedule to be. Some students might just take 1 or 2 AP classes in high school, others could take over 10. It all depends on how much you want to challenge yourself, how many AP courses your school offers, and which subjects you're interested in. The success of a student is judged by how they do on each exam – students aren’t expected to take a certain number of AP classes or get a certain average score. In short, the basic AP program is quite flexible and can fit the needs of many students. In contrast, AP Capstone is a diploma program with stricter requirements. If you don't take the right AP classes or get high enough AP exam scores, you won't earn the Capstone diploma. How Similar Is AP Capstone to the IB Program? You may be wondering how similar AP Capstone is to the IB program, since they are both advanced diploma programs. We’ll run through some of the main similarities and differences since many students considering IB might also consider AP Capstone, and vice-versa. Similarities Both programs function pretty similarly. Students take advanced classes in high school (marked as either AP or IB), and then take an exam for each class at the end of the year. For both AP Capstone and IB, you have to obtain a minimum score on your exams to earn the diploma. For IB you have to earn at least 24 points total on your exams (IB exams are scored from 1 to 7), for Capstone you need a 3 or higher on each exam. Each program also requires a long piece of writing, though AP Capstone’s 5,000 word research paper is longer than IB's 4,000 word extended essay. Finally, both programs include subject-based and skills-based courses – though IB has one skills-based course, Theory of Knowledge, while AP Capstone has two – Seminar and Research. Differences The IB program requires some of your courses be more difficult, while there’s no distinction between standard level and higher level courses in AP Capstone. To earn an IB diploma, 3 of your 6 courses have to be designated "higher level," while three can be "standard level." For the AP Capstone diploma, you can choose the four additional AP courses you want to take, even if they are known as easier exams. Also, AP Capstone does not have any extracurricular requirements whereas IB has the Creativity, Action, Service program, which essentially requires extracurricular activities. Another major difference between the programs is that AP Capstone has no requirements as to the four additional AP classes you take, whereas in IB you need to take courses from six specific subject areas. So while you could get the AP Capstone diploma with all humanities or all sciences classes if you wanted, IB requires courses taken from across the board. For this reason, the IB Diploma is arguably more comprehensive. Finally, the IB program is more established, since it's a much older program. While many colleges are likely familiar with IB, you may have to explain AP Capstone a bit more on your applications so colleges know what it is and how it's different from regular AP. Should You Take AP Capstone? So now, the big question: if your school (or a school nearby) is offering AP Capstone, should you take it? Before deciding, consider the cost – you’re committing to taking at least 6 exams to earn the diploma. At $91 per exam, that’s significant! Whereas by taking regular AP classes you can decide each year how many AP classes to take and whether you can afford them, for AP Capstone you're committing to a set number. Speaking of which, are you up for six classes? With regular AP you can drop out of any one class at any point, but with Capstone you need 6 courses to finish the diploma. Think hard about whether that’s a commitment you’re willing to take on. Also, who at your school is teaching AP Research and/or AP Seminar? Those courses are a big part of the Capstone experience, so if the teacher isn’t great you might want to skip Capstone and just take regular AP courses. Since this is a new program, expect some kinks and growing pains in the first few years. Be especially cautious if you’re a current sophomore or junior looking to jump into AP Capstone. Talk to your guidance counselor and the Seminar and/or Research teachers to get a sense of what AP Capstone will be like at your school and if you want to do it. If you’re a freshman or younger, you have more time to wait and see how well the program does at your school and at the national level. Will Colleges Care? Similar to IB, since AP Capstone is only offered at a select few schools, colleges won’t be specifically looking for AP Capstone or favoring it, since not all students have access to it. Still, if you take Capstone, aspects of the program – especially the long research paper – will likely look desirable to most colleges. The independent reseach AP Capstone requires could be the topic of a college essay or at least something substantial to talk about in an interview. However, like we mentioned earlier, since AP Capstone is new, make sure you explain what it is on your college applications, so colleges realize that you undertook an advanced diploma program. Odds are, that will look pretty good to them! Also, remember that colleges will look at your schedule in the context of your school, so as long as your schedule is as challenging as possible – whether you’re in Capstone or not – you are setting yourself up for success. It may be that taking AP Capstone will push you to take more AP classes, making your schedule look more challenging in the context of your school. If your school does have Capstone and you opt to not take it, make sure you are taking a challenging mix of AP and honors courses so it doesn't look like you slacked off. What’s Next? If you decide to take AP Capstone, you’ll have to choose 4 AP courses on your own. Read about the hardest and easiest AP classes to help you decide on your schedule. Learn about another popular diploma program – the IB program, and whether or not you should take it or AP. If you’re applying to top colleges, you also need to think about your SAT/ACT score. Come up with a target SAT score based on your dream schools (ACT version here). Want to improve your SAT score by 160 points or your ACT score by 4 points?We've written a guide for each test about the top 5 strategies you must be using to have a shot at improving your score. Download it for free now:

Sweatshop Economy Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Sweatshop Economy - Essay Example One summons ‘moral and political’ dimensions to the argument since if and when progressive changes are brought about in the conditions of sweatshops, the role of moral and political leaders will be significant for such changes. Corporations are amoral on the one hand and are the pillars of political establishments on the other and the conflict of interests is right in front of us. One has to resolve this conflict, understand the mindset of eastern world before moving to help ease woking conditions in sweatshops. Economic realities Globalization of economies of the world has effectively broken international barriers. As natural as water finding its own level, corporations around the world drift towards cheapest possible resources for their operations. Both raw materials and labor, two of the fundamental factors of production, are available in plenty in the third world countries. End of colonialism in the mid-sixties ensured that the developed countries of the West have to find other ways and means to sustain the high living standards of their citizens.

Skills required to provide clinical leadership in nursing mental Essay

Skills required to provide clinical leadership in nursing mental health - Essay Example The rest of the essay will broadly foray into these required skills. One of the most requisite skills for nursing officers is conviction and courage in handling financial decisions for their hospital or clinic. With healthcare insurance becoming unaffordable for an increasing number of Americans, people end up in hospital wards with insufficient finances. While running a hospital or a clinic has a business element to it, its first priority is to serve needy patients, especially the ones suffering from mental ailments. An ethically conscious leader will always keep this in mind and put the interests of the patient before that of the organization. While this may sound a touch idealistic and its implementation may seem unfeasible in a competitive healthcare industry, it is nevertheless an ideal worth persevering for. According to Shawn Ulreich, the chief Nursing Officer at Spectrum Health, â€Å"It is time to bridge the gap between nursing--and all of operations--and finance†¦Nursing leadership entails measures to tackle the massively flawed payme nt system. Other times, it is demonstrating that you sincerely care about patient care† (Fifer, 2007). Continuing in a similar vein, leaders in Nursing should reverse recent trends of high employment dissatisfaction among nurses and other support staff. Nurses across the country are not happy with the remuneration package handed to them and consequently shifting to jobs that pay more. Another reason cited for this state of affairs is the lack of mutual understanding between the business and nursing wings of the healthcare organizations. For example, according to a recent survey, â€Å"Approximately 38 percent of the respondents reported having left a CNO position--13 percent within two years before the survey and 25 percent within five years before the survey. When asked about the context of their departure, a high percentage reported leaving their

Strategic Management Approaches For Managing Change

Strategic Management Approaches For Managing Change The subject for this intended research will focus on problem-solving and how organizations can successfully manage change during difficult periods of economic development by relying on the integration of strategic management approaches so they can become learning organizations. It will use the UAE government as the organization to be profiled, with its employees for the questionnaire survey to obtain useful data into what changes are needed in the UAE government for achieving its overall objectives. Since managing change requires identifying weaknesses and developing strategies for turning them into strengths, strategic management techniques are very effective. There will be both primary and secondary deductive research methods using theories for testing data. Although there are many different drivers for change in organizations, developing nations like the UAE and its government must undergo extensive restructurization that requires recognizing change as an ongoing process affecting all departments, employees and processes. Change management theories support the need for strategic management approaches being implemented for companies or governments to become learning organizations that can continuously adapt to the unpredictable dynamics of economic, social and infrastructure change. Organizations that refuse to adapt to change often become inefficient and obsolete, so it is in their own best interest to learn how to adjust their leadership and management processes to gain knowledge about and become skilled at adaptation. Introduction Change is a continuous process where organizations either adapt to their new environment or they will not survive. Organizational change requires major restructurization on all levels to accomplish the overall goals of managerial expectations exceeding results to compel employees to perform better. Change management refers to considering problems as opportunities for future improvement that can help organizations achieve their goals. Managing change for organizations means learning how to convince managers that investing in the resolution of present problems is a worthwhile risk that can result in long-term success. Managing change must be performed at the highest managerial level and all throughout the organization if it is to be effective for the long term. Managing change also involves persuading employees that the risk of altering their current performance is worth the future higher performance levels they will eventually reach. Change management relates to learning how to proper ly manage change through extensive knowledge management and job skills training to upgrade all employee performance which will gradually result in higher organizational performance. Strategic change management approaches for managing change are the most effective methods of developing learning organizations that can suitably adapt to change. Research Question Are strategic change management approaches for managing change the most effective methods of developing learning organizations so they can suitably adapt to change? Research Objectives Intended Outcomes Some of the main research objectives and outcomes for this project will involve: Determining which change management strategies are useful for managing organizational change Explaining how strategic management approaches can help manage change Describing what organizational learning strategies are and how they help companies become continuous learning organizations able to suitably adapt to and successfully manage change Company Background The organization that will be researched and profiled for this dissertation will be the UAE government which was established in 1974. This organization focuses on creating and implementing strategic policies, plans and procedures for the development of the local UAE infrastructure. This includes assisting the UAE President and UAE Ruler Sheikh Khalifa bin Zayed Al-Nahyan in handling all responsibilities and delegating authority to carry out his strategic plans. The government is in charge of all UAE governmental Ministries and agencies. This office manages, supervises and reviews all activities related to the UAE government, including construction development projects they sponsor, service and IT development, and governmental performance improvement programs (Mohammed, 2010, 1-6) (Ali, 2010, 1-3). Background of Problem: Etisalats Challenges To Managing Change There are several problems and challenges that Etisalat is currently dealing with in order to improve their global market positioning, such as: Contrasting processes of change response-Etisalat has been using two different methods of adapting to change that are working together well, which has helped them deal with many issues within the company; however, these two strategies are also causing some internal problems dealing with communication and teamwork among the global offices Etisalats specialization in the telecommunications industry has allowed for increased communication between employees and management, yet it reduces the chances for expansion worldwide Etisalats diversification uses strategic alliances with global suppliers, which helps expand to international markets, yet decreases communication internally Etisalats management changed the organizational culture from a hierarchal authority to using workplace teams, which has been difficult for managers and employees to adjust to and led to resistance to change strategies (Mohammed, 2010, 1-6) (Ali, 2010, 1-3). Etisalats main issues all deal with how the company has been expanding so quickly that the employees and management are not communicating well together. They are not working well in teams and that reduces overall efficiency. The company has been having trouble adapting to the external PEST industry changes and internal SWOT company changes as well, which has led to many redundancies and high overhead costs. The company has also been adding new firms through acquisition and expanding to new countries with different cultures, so employees speaking different languages and having diverse cultural traditions and business practices may not be blending well with the UAE processes and systems. Etisalat has to develop many different global strategies that all focus on integration and collaboration. Etisalat has been focusing on expansion without concentrating on coping with the consequences of such major internal company and employee changes, which has created a lot of tension and resentment. Employees who do not have job satisfaction do not perform well and often end up quitting. There are also managerial problems in the decision-making that appear to come from a lack of international business experience. The company may need to hire more experienced global business managers who have been running multinational operations for other firms and who are already familiar with the problems involved. Etisalat may also be suffering from too rapid expansion and globalization that could cause them to have major problems later on if they do not properly address them now (Mohammed, 2010, 1-6) (Ali, 2010, 1-3). Etisalat managers do not have the capabilities of dealing with multicultural environments very well since they did not have those issues before. They also do not have any type of cultural diversity awareness programs in their HRM strategies that could help all employees learn how to adapt to global workplace environments. The company has to adopt new technologies and implement them into the workplace to increase efficiencies and core competencies. The company also seems to need a better organizational culture that is more productive and visionary so they can adapt to changes in the market. The management team must be dedicated to identifying all changes that must be made and integrating proper strategies to deal with them. They must adopt more e-ordering systems and online strategies for increasing production and customer services. They also appear to need tactics for embracing change rather than resisting it from all levels of management and employees. The company needs to incorpora te strategies that focus on money management, generation of new sales revenues and increasing profitability for the long-term (Mohammed, 2010, 1-6) (Ali, 2010, 1-3). Etisalats Change Management Strategic Direction Etisalats managers hope to alter their strategic direction to include change management approaches that will allow them to: Expand to new countries by profiling target markets preferences and demands Etisalat must develop a comprehensive HRM change management strategy allowing for increased efficiency, productivity, communication and teambuilding Adopt online e-marketing strategies to appeal to global markets Develop a streamlined strategy that coordinates management and employee communication and teamworking (Mohammed, 2010, 1-6) (Ali, 2010, 1-3). Literature Review: Justification of Research on Managing Change Li (2001) states managing change means analyzing the organizations gaps between employee and company actual performance and the anticipated results expected by management. For change management to be successful, theoretical strategic management strategies must be effectively integrated into organizational real-world scenarios. Managing change requires companies to prepare ahead of time for uncertainty by developing their employees individual potential and turning their firms into continuous learning organizations. To avoid the usual resistance to change that often comes from organizational restructurization, change management strategies help managers better communicate with employees to focus on learning and training programs to adapt to the changes needed for long-term success and market leadership (Hiatt, 2003, 55-68) (Tucker, 1991, 44-56). According to Kruger (2003), effectively managing organizational change means planning for uncertainty, and learning how to adapt to all types of changes, such as economic change, personnel change, leadership or managerial change, technological change or industry change. Organizational change management theories refer to managing change as a long-term ongoing process where various drivers of change are identified and appropriate strategies are formulated to alter managers and employees performance, attitudes and behaviors. Managing change during recessions like the recent period relates to taking on new technologies to become more innovative, efficient and productive. It refers to learning about market competition to know the strategies rivals are pursuing to develop more effective approaches to counteract them (Adler, 2007, 56-72). Change Management Prosci (1998) developed the ADKAR Model for providing assistance to organizations that required change management strategies. This model helps employees and management adapt to the changes in business strategies, duties, procedures and attitude adjustments needed for organizational transformation. Prosci also feels developing action plans for both professional and personal change management is the key to successful implementation and less resistance. Since there are many barriers to change within organizations, Prosci believes that acknowledging them so they can be properly addressed is the most effective means of overcoming change management issues. Kraus (2008) feels global change management must include identifying obstacles in employee attitudes and behavior to create stronger information and communication strategies (Golding, 2008, 82-104) (Hiatt, 2003, 55-68). Change Management Indicator Chart Source: Kempster, 2010. The change management indicator chart explains the practices for adopting change, including establishing the vision and leadership for the organization, knowing the workforces personality traits, understanding the workforces behavior and attitudes toward the change process, what the impact of the changes will be on the staff, the nature of the changes to be implemented, and realizing how the changes will alter the attitudes of employees and managers for the long term (Martel, 2008, 112-117). Garrett (2007) states increasing awareness of the changes needed, explaining why they are necessary, gaining appropriate feedback, and building employee participation in the change process are all essential components in change initiatives. Stacey (2008) feels organizational change management must include a full restructurization of all departments to properly adapt to global changes in the market. This example of a configuration management database explains how the main divisions that must adopt change management policies and processes include: resource management, financial management, service desk and future planning with strategic management (Georgiades, 2008, 216-224) (Golding, 2008, 82-104). Strategic Management Strategic management involves a comprehensive organizational set of corporate, business and functional strategies for defining the companys objectives, vision and mission using a Balanced Scorecard approach to assess overall performance and progress in reaching its long-term goals. Arieu (2007) feels strategic management is a continuous process for evaluating the competitors, business and industry to achieve objectives and goals. Strategic management is supported by Porters many theories that focus on gaining competitive advantages to face rivals in competitive environments (Hill, 2009, 59-75). Organizational Learning Organizational learning relates to various models of transforming companies into learning organizations by helping them become adaptive. Lamb (1984) feels organizational learning must include the adoption of new technologies and innovations to compete with rivals. Continuous learning is a necessary part of employee development that the HR Department provides with courses, job skills training and work experience. Learning organizations actively promote and facilitate collective learning as a part of the change management process (Beckhard, 2005, 161-182) (Peters, 2008, 113-126). Research Methodology Sosa believes epistemology is considered the philosophical theory of knowledge related to the meaning of knowledge and what restrictions there are to gaining and understanding it. Epistemology refers to comprehending knowledge, what others know, how it can be acquired, how it was gained in the past, and why it is significant in life. Epistemological study relates to evaluating the nature of all knowledge and how it refers to beliefs, justification and truth. It explains how knowledge can be produced and why there is sometimes skeptism about knowledge claims due to the way it was obtained. These explanations relate to this research project because they show how important epistemology is to conducting research studies and why the knowledge gained from them must be accurate and verifiable for it to be applied to future real-world situations (Brigley, 2005, 119-125). Research Design Data Collection This project will use both primary and secondary deductive research methods with epistemological interpretivism approaches to gain valuable insight into how well the company can adapt to change. The methodology for this project will research how to gain a comprehensive overview of what challenges the company faces coping with market and consumer demand changes and what change management strategies will help them improve their business for the future. The primary research methods will involve conducting a survey using a 10-question survey questionnaire that can be passed out to a random sample group of 50 Etisalat employees aged 24-30 years old. This sample group will be emailed the survey to fill out and then it will be collected to analyze the results. Deductive Inductive Reasoning in Research Source: King, 2008. The progression in the chart shows how in research methodology, deductive reasoning is a top-down approach that goes from thinking about a theory, forming a hypothesis, observing the participants in the research study, and using the data for confirming the theory. However, in inductive reasoning, it is a bottom-up approach where observation is the initial start for the researcher, where they search for behavioral patterns, make a tentative hypothesis, develop a theory, and then confirm that theory as a result of it being justified from the data (Yin, 2008, 128-137). Qualitative Research Methods Source: Bradley, 2006. The model explains the elements of qualitative research methods, which include soft systems methodology (SSM), Delphi study, action research, field experiments, focus groups, case studies, and interviews. Qualitative research also includes conversation analysis, content analysis, repertory grid with photo sorting, cognitive mapping, laddering and structural analysis. It involves phenomenological description, ethnomethodology, projective techniques and critical discourse analysis. Qualitative research methods also use narrative interviews, grounded theory, participant observation, ethnographic interviews, log books and diaries, phenomenography, ethnography and thick descriptions (Jankowicz, 2007, 118-134) (Kelly, 2006, 118-129). This projects research process will involve using both quantitative and qualitative research methods which will allow for data to be calculated into a statistical analysis format and then evaluated in an overall analysis to provide an accurate perspective on the sample groups responses. There will also be an in-depth tape recorded half-hour personal interview conducted with an Etisalat manager to gain insight into their future change management strategies for the long term. All surveys and interviews will be anonymous to protect the confidentiality of the sample group and participants and all ethical guidelines will be adhered to so the research can be used for the future as a framework for improving change management strategies. The information will be analyzed and the results calculated into percentages for overall analysis. The secondary methods will involve research of academic journals, textbooks, library books and newspaper articles related to strategies for managing change. Code of Ethics Limitations All ethical codes will be adhered to during this project to protect the integrity of the research proposed. It will conform to all global ethical research standards to achieve its research objectives, including avoiding plagiarism, using suitable in-text references and citations to give credit to theorists, and allowing the survey participants to be anonymous to protect their privacy and identity to ensure their jobs will not be in jeopardy. There should not be any major limitations to gathering the data since I have already spoken to the management and they have agreed to allow the survey. Action Plan 1st week: begin researching Internet for journals and library for books 2nd week: make questions for survey questionnaire 3rd week: take notes on articles and books, work on how to format research data 4th week: distribute the survey to employees 5th week: collect surveys and put together statistical results for analysis 6th week: analyze results of survey and interviews 7th week: begin writing final draft of paper 8th week: perform all editing and complete final paper Conclusion Many multinational corporations are enduring in todays highly competitive business environments as they learn how to adopt change management strategies to become learning organizations that can appropriately handle multicultural markets, new technological developments and e-tactics to coping with change. This type of strategy would benefit both managers and employees as they learn how to cope with new problems and people who may have different ways of communicating with others at work. Etisalat also appears to be having difficulty understanding how competitive it is in global markets, since they have been previously only focusing on regional expansion. They may have to have their management take more seminars, lectures and training programs on how to cope with global workplace environments during globalization and expansion. Etisalat can gain a competitive advantage over rivals in the market by integrating new change management strategies that allow for better managerial decisions an d continuous learning HRM training programs.